What characterizes glaucoma?

Glaucoma is primarily characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), which can lead to damage to the optic nerve and result in vision loss. This increased pressure occurs when the eye's aqueous humor (the fluid within the eye) does not drain properly, causing a buildup of fluid. Over time, this pressure can cause irreversible damage to the optic nerve fibers, leading to characteristic vision changes, particularly peripheral vision loss.

The association of high eye pressure with glaucoma is critical for diagnosis and treatment, as managing this pressure is a primary therapeutic approach to preventing further damage to the optic nerve and preserving vision. Regular eye examinations often include measurements of IOP, making it a key indicator in the detection and monitoring of glaucoma.

In contrast, low eye pressure would not typically characterize glaucoma and could instead be reflective of other conditions. Inflammation of the cornea is unrelated to glaucoma, focusing more on corneal health, while regular vision changes can occur due to various ocular conditions but are not specific to glaucoma itself.