What condition does cataracts refer to?

Cataracts specifically refer to the condition characterized by a clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye. This clouding can interfere with light passing through the lens, leading to blurred vision and difficulties with seeing clearly. As cataracts progress, they can significantly impact visual acuity and may require surgical intervention to restore clear vision.

Understanding cataracts is vital in optometry since they are among the leading causes of vision loss, particularly in older adults. The other options describe different eye conditions: increased pressure within the eye indicates glaucoma, inflammation of the lens suggests a condition known as lensitis, and degeneration of the retina pertains to retinopathy or macular degeneration. Each of these conditions affects the eye in distinct ways, but they do not involve the clouding of the lens, which is the hallmark of cataracts.