What typically causes a corneal ulcer?

A corneal ulcer is primarily caused by injury, infections, or contact lens over-wearing. These factors can compromise the integrity of the cornea, leading to the breakdown of the epithelial layer and subsequent ulceration.

Injury to the cornea, such as from foreign bodies, trauma, or chemical exposure, can disrupt the protective surface of the eye, making it susceptible to infections. Similarly, infections, particularly by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, can also directly lead to corneal ulcers. Contact lens over-wearing is another significant risk factor; when lenses are worn for extended periods or not properly cared for, they can create a suitable environment for bacteria to proliferate on the surface of the eye.

In contrast, excessive screen use, age-related changes in the lens, and high blood pressure do not directly lead to corneal ulcers. While prolonged screen time can cause discomfort and dry eyes, it does not typically result in the type of injury or infection that would lead to ulceration. Age-related changes primarily affect the lens and cataract development, and they do not harm the cornea directly. High blood pressure may contribute to various systemic health issues but is not a direct cause of corneal ulcers.