Which structure in the eye is responsible for the visibility of colors?

The retina is the structure in the eye that is responsible for the visibility of colors. It contains specialized photoreceptor cells known as cones, which are sensitive to different wavelengths of light corresponding to the colors we perceive—red, green, and blue. When light enters the eye, it is focused onto the retina where these cones convert the light into electrical signals that are sent to the brain. The brain then processes these signals to produce our perception of color.

In contrast, structures like the lens and sclera serve different functions. The lens focuses light onto the retina, while the sclera provides structural support and protection for the eye. The iris, responsible for regulating the amount of light that enters the eye through the pupil, does play a role in vision but not specifically in color perception. Thus, the retina is critical for color visibility because of its unique composition of photoreceptors that are essential for color differentiation.